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Comparison of Statistics and Basics
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
|
adherents called |
Muslims |
Jews |
Christians |
|
current adherents |
1.3 billion |
14 million |
2 billion |
|
current size rank |
2nd largest |
12th largest |
largest |
| major concentration |
Middle East, Southeast Asia |
Israel, Europe, USA |
Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa |
| sacred text |
Qur’an (Koran) |
Bible |
Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament) |
| other written authority |
Hadith |
Talmud, Midrash, Responsa |
church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholic only) |
| religious law |
Sharia |
Halakhah |
Canon Law |
| clergy |
imams |
rabbis |
priests, ministers, pastors, bishops |
| house of worship |
mosque |
synagogue |
church, chapel, cathedral |
| main day of worship |
Friday |
Saturday |
Sunday |
| church and state |
integrated |
separate |
separate |
Comparison of Origins and History
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
|
date founded |
622 CE |
unknown |
c. 33 CE |
|
place founded |
Saudi Arabia |
Palestine (def) |
Palestine |
|
founder |
Muhammad |
Moses or Abraham |
Jesus |
|
original language(s) |
Arabic |
Hebrew |
Aramaic, Greek |
|
early expansion |
within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim world stretched from the Atlantic to China |
little expansion; mostly confined to Palestine |
within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire Roman Empire by end of 4th cent. |
|
major splits |
Shia/Sunni, c. 650 CE |
Reform/Orthodox, 1800s CE |
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE |
Comparison of Religious Beliefs
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
| type of theism |
strict monotheism |
strict monotheism |
Trinitarian monotheism |
|
ultimate reality |
one God |
one God |
one God |
|
names of God |
Allah (Arabic for God) |
Yahweh, Elohim |
Yahweh, the Holy Trinity |
| other spiritual beings |
angels, demons, jinn |
angels and demons |
angels and demons |
| revered humans |
prophets, imams (especially in Shia) |
prophets |
saints, church fathers |
| identity of Jesus |
true prophet of God, whose message has been corrupted |
false prophet |
Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world |
| birth of Jesus |
virgin birth |
normal birth |
virgin birth |
| death of Jesus |
did not die, but ascended into heaven during crucifixion |
death by crucifixion |
death by crucifixion |
| resurrection of Jesus |
denied |
denied |
affirmed |
| second coming of Jesus |
affirmed |
denied |
affirmed |
| divine revelation |
through Muhammad, recorded in Qur’an |
through Prophets, recorded in Bible |
through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible |
| view of sacred text |
inspired, literal word of God, inerrant in original languages |
views vary |
inspired, some believe inerrant in original languages |
| human nature |
equal ability to do good or evil |
two equal impulses, one good and one bad |
“original sin” inherited from Adam - tendency towards evil |
| means of salvation |
correct belief, good deeds, Five Pillars |
belief in God, good deeds |
correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants emphasize faith alone) |
| God’s role in salvation |
predestination |
divine revelation and forgiveness |
predestination, various forms of grace |
| good afterlife |
eternal paradise |
views vary: either heaven or no afterlife |
eternal heaven |
| bad afterlife |
eternal hell |
views vary: either eternal Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife |
eternal hell, temporary purgatory (Catholicism) |
| view of fellow Abrahamic religions |
Jews and Christians are respected as “People of the Book,” but they have wrong beliefs and only partial revelation. |
Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism. |
Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion. |
Tables courtesy of www.religionfacts.com.
This is very obviously a highly simplified summary and I’ve posted it just to show how very similar the views of three of the largest and most successful religions of the world are. I think it’s safe for me to say that one of Bill’s aims here at Friendly Christian is to strip away much of the nonsense of religion and to focus on the core lessons that can be gleaned from faith in a higher power. I would ask that you spend a few moments looking over these tables and then ask yourself if you are so different from your neighbours on this Earth.
Even I, who hold to none of these religious beliefs, can see how closely we are linked. My wish for the New Year is that we can all work together to bridge the gap and build a better future for our planet. What’s your New Year wish?
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Thanks for the concise info. Here are some questions to ponder about the 3 major “religions”:
1. Do Muslims and Jews worship the same God?
2. Do Muslims and Christians worship the same God?
3. Do Jews and Christians worship the same God?
I’m none of the above but the three Abrahamic religions all have the same root with Adam, Noah and Moses featuring in all three. OK Islam regards Jesus and Moses as Prophets which is different from the Judea-Christian belief but they are still prophets to the same deity.
In effect the belief in a divine creator is the same but the path is different. I was commenting on a thread over on Friendly Atheist and one of the commenters, Dwight, posted this response.
In essence the traditions of the religion are social rather than spiritual, the rituals supportive and affirming to the individual and the group.
I’m looking at this as something of an outsider but to me it doesn’t really matter what the traditions or the rituals are. If anything these fail in large groups because they are meant only to keep small communities together and regional variation is expected. The key is, I think, in the commonalities rather than in the differences.
Do all 3 religions worship the same God? Does each believer(of these 3 religions anyway; Hinduism and buddhism for example have different positions) not think/believe that there is only ONE God?
j
Hoverfrog, Happy New Year!
Hey Helen! happy new year!
Monk- I don’t think they all worship the same God..and my only reason for that is my God says you can’t communicate with HIM without coming through His son…and some are calling him a prophet, and some don’t include him at all..but then again this is coming from me…a Christ follower.
@Monk, is there a reason to think that the God of the Muslims, the Jews and the Christians is not the same God? Geographically they have similar origins and there is certainly a considerable crossover between beliefs. I’d say that they follow the same deity but in different guises. More than that I believe that espousal of this view is a good way to heal the rifts that have formed between members of these three religions.
Call me naive but half the world believe in this God and that’s not likely to change in the near future. I’d rather not have half the world hating each other because their version of God is “right”.
Hi Helen, happy arbitrary day to iterate the calender to you too. Any resolutions?
Darla, as an analogy does it matter if I write to my father, phone him at home, phone him on his mobile or go and visit him as long as I communicate with him? I think that the restrictions that religion places on it’s adherents are not conducive to building a better future for anyone.
You know that I don’t believe in any Gods but I’m in a minority. I’ve learnt that telling someone that their beliefs are nonsense isn’t a particularly effective way to communicate. I’m hoping that this new tactic of looking for the point of mutual interest will be more effective than “I’m right, you’re wrong”.
You see, I believe that Jews, Muslims and Christians are equally wrong but that each have their own beliefs that might just be of some benefit to humanity. I might be wrong but I am utterly convinced that fighting about what this holy book says or that holy book teaches is the wrong way to go. The New Testament teaches that Jesus ignored the teachings of the church when it was right to do so on numerous occasions. Similarly Muhammad discarded church teachings that he believed were corruptions of the original intentions. I’d like to see people of all religions follow that example.
Hover- I agree with discarding things that take away from the original teachings or intent of the teachings. I think everyone in their belief systems think they are right..I do not confront people with they are wrong attitude..
honestly I could be wrong..and nothing to lose by it..
I would love to see the whole world get along, and at aleast move in the right direction to respect one anothers thoughts and religious practices…not likely huh?
But we do it here, and that is a start…everything starts somewhere. how would you suggest we start?:)>-
Where to start? Good question. I think that focusing on the things that we have in common rather than the differences is the way forward.
I totally agree!
Hi Hov! Hope you had a wonderful holiday season.
Been gone a bit, but this question caught me. My answer is yes. The enemy of our God is very tricky and very good at trying to take the form of the one true God but twisting it just enough to throw people off. Unless you (I mean that generally, not you specifically because of your unbelief) believe in the one true, triune God, it is a fake. What I hope to get away from is this continuous putting of people into such wide general assumptive catagories. People read something or see something on TV and think….oooo that’s the way all Christians are. I used to feel the same way about atheists….but you really are a lovable bunch! What it is all going to boil down to…is not what humans think, but what God said. The phonies mean nothing…they’re just decoys. My relationship with the One True God is through experience, not books or people.
Are you saying that the God, Yahweh, as worshipped by the Jews is not the same God as the one you worship? Doesn’t this mean that the Old Testament is fiction in your mind? As the starting point of the New Testament, doesn’t this also invalidate the later works?
Islam has the same origins as Christianity in the Jewish traditions. Are you saying that these traditions are wrong or that these other religions simply have the wrong idea? Even if they have the same deity.
Is it possible that you think that Jews and Muslims have somehow been deceived into following a path that leads them away from the true God as understood in the Christian faith?
Except that we’re not a bunch.
We are simply individuals with a common lack of belief. A small distinction but one worth making, I feel.
Are you saying that the God, Yahweh, as worshipped by the Jews is not the same God as the one you worship?
There are some definite distinctions between Judaism and Christianity. There are similarities, but primarily Christianity emerged from Judaism. The emergence though was not a direct line. Christianity broke away from Judaism, being it’s own religion, so it is misleading to believe the two religions are essentially the same, or to see it as a continuation of Judaism.
Judaism is made from a belief of monotheism, there is one God. Their understanding of this is that He can not be made up of parts even if those parts are united. The Christian belief of Trinitarianism is that God is made up of God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Even tho we believe the three are one God, it is incompatible with the Jewish view that such a division is not possible.
To Christians, the central part of our belief if that Jesus is the Son of God, part of the trinity, and savior of souls. He is God’s revelation through flesh. Jesus was, in Christian belief, God incarnate.
To Jews, whatever wonderful teacher and storyteller Jesus may have been, he was just a human, not the son of God…in their view Jesus cannot save souls, only God can. Jesus did not, in their view, rise from the dead.
For traditional Jews, the commandments and Jewish law are still binding. In their eyes, the messiah is a human being who will usher in an era of peace……but hasn’t yet. I’m not quite sure how answer directly, because they don’t believe the messiah has come, we do as Christians. It doesn’t make God any less their God, they just don’t operate on the same belief system that the messiah has come.
Doesn’t this mean the OT is fiction in your mind? Not at all. As I mentioned earlier, the major difference between us is they are keeping the Law because of their lack of belief that Jesus is God.
As the starting point of the New Testament, doesn’t this also invalidate the later works? No, and He still is working today.
Islam and Christianity: Islam refutes the idea that Jesus Christ was crucified on the cross. They believe that God spared His messenger from death and later took Him up to Himself. For Christians, the death of Jesus Christ on the cross is the focal point of all that they believe. Islam has the Qur’an as the source of truth. Muslims believe that the original New Testament, which they call Injil, was the original revelation that Jesus received from Allah. They believe, that the Christians of today have corrupted the original scriptures, and that the Bible of today is unreliable. Muslims believe that the message of Muhammad continued the original truths that were outlined in the Injil, and “corrected” the errors. Muslims do not hold to any assurance of salvation. They do not feel that it was necessary for Jesus to pay for our sins. The belief that they hold is that every man has to bear and pay for his own sin….so like I was saying before…There is just enough lie about different religions to pull people away from the truth. I don’t believe the deity is the same if it is not viewed the same.
Is it possible that you think that Jews and Muslims have somehow been deceived into following a path that leads them away from the true God as understood in the Christian faith? Most definitely.
Sorry this is so long, but there is not short answer to any of this….Again, these are my beliefs, they are not meant to offend anyone….and not to nitpick but….any individuals who have anything in common can be considered a group….
:d
GG- whew! I was getting out of breath just reading all that! But I do love you girl! Glad to have you back!
Hover you are still my favorite frog! and now I know of some others!:d
Deb, I understand what you’re saying. It makes perfect sense. I couldn’t disagree more though. I think what we’re skirting around is a difference in religion and not a difference in faith. In my eyes you have one deity that three separate and distinct groups choose to worship in separate and distinct ways. The lore and ritual differ but that’s it.
I see people in my country, some of them Christians, who look on Muslims as vile heathens ready to blow us all up as quick as look at us. It is, of course, a myth. I’m as likely to suffer violence at the hands of a fundamentalist Muslim as I am a fundamentalist Christian. They fail to see that the God that they worship has it’s roots in the same religion as their own. The difference is in the application of their faith, not in the faith itself.
You are saying that your version of the Truth is the only one. I bet a Jew or Muslim would say the same and have just as good a set of reasons as yours. That doesn’t actually help people of different faiths reconcile their differences though. If anything it has the opposite effect. More than that, how is an impartial observer supposed to determine which religion is the God’s honest truth? Especially when you consider the penalty for getting it wrong.
Much better in my opinion to reject them all and concentrate on living a good life. If I’m wrong about God and he’s punishes me for that then he doesn’t deserve me and can keep his 72 white raisins and his harp and wings.
I’d love to have a Muslim or a Jew comment on this. Do we have any who read this blog?
I’d also nitpick and say that a group shares something in common. I’m therefore going to lump you in to the atheist group because you don’t believe in the divinity of Ra. So there! :p
HOver- hahahahaha I saw that one coming…we are atheists to alot of other religions, or as muslim culture would call us “infidels”.. OUCH !!!! very respectfully…we are all in this together
Dear Hovness…..that is a lie from the pit…respectfully. It is also the reason why so many are so screwed up in their thinking. The only way you can honestly find out for yourself what is truth, is to seek Him out and believe He’ll show you. All roads don’t lead to Heaven, one does, and it’s a narrow path. There are too many deceptions out there. I would never not befriend someone because of their religious belief, but by the same token, I live by the truth I have discovered for myself.
Oh, and I thought your non-belief in God was something in common…..hmmmm still learning I guess
:*
GG- other religions do see us as having the wrong God, just like we see them. That is what I am talking about.
If not believing like Islam makes me an infidel to them, so be it! I am good with name calling..been called lots..and God has been so very good to show me it doesn’t matter…It isn’t shaking my faith or changing my mind about what I believe, but there is a common ground in everyone comes here and feels misunderstood on thier stands..at least at times.
so when radicals from other religions look at us and Hover and Ben, and Robert or whoever is on FC we are all in the same boat to them..non-believing in what they believe in..does that make sense??
I totally agree with you Darla…Did I lead you to believe otherwise somehow?
What I’m saying, and obviously poorly is the idea that the supreme froginess is trying to convay about all religions believing in the same God. That’s not true…there is one God, the rest are cheap immitations.
GG- I agree. I just felt like I had to make myself more clear on what Hover and i were talking about.
Deb, my non-belief in your God is something I have in common with other atheists. That’s just part of it though. I also don’t believe in ghosts, horoscopes, invisible unicorns and a whole mass of other things. I’m sure that the number of things that we both don’t believe in far outweigh the number of things that we do believe in.
Darla has it right when she says that a fanatical Muslim lumps all non-Muslims in together. However I really can’t see that as any different from saying “All roads don’t lead to Heaven, one does, and it’s a narrow path”. I’m not saying that all religions believe in the same God. I think a number of Hindus and Sikhs (and several thousand other religions) would certainly disagree.
I am saying that the three Abrahamic religions all have the same origin and hence the same God. Judaism, Islam and Christianity all took different paths from the same root idea. All maintain that they are right and the others wrong. I find myself agreeing with all three as I think you’re all wrong
but my point is that the commonalities are much greater than people give credit for. The religion acts as a barrier to seeing that we are all human beings living on the same planet.
Let me put it another way. Christians believe that the path to God is through Jesus. Muslims believe that the path to God is through the Five Pillars. Jews believe that the path to God is through leading a good life according to the Law. Same God, different paths.
You maintain that the paths (what I would call religion) that are not Christian are ultimately false. Is this accurate enough? Is it flexible enough for you to accept?
WOW! I have to go here!!
Hover- you are right about all of them beginning with the same God. HE surely did seperate and cause all to go in different directions. But He blessed Abraham, Isaac and Jacob…and the line that would come from them. Jews are God’s chosen people, the rest of us only get to jump on board because of Jesus being the bridge for us to become spiritual sons of Abraham.
I truly do see where you are coming from, and yes, the did all originate with the same God.
GG- they all aren’t chasing the same God anymore, or at least the One we call God, but they did begin with God. DO you know what I mean by that? According to the Bible, God blessed and cursed, and split nations and sent them all in different directions, but there idea that there even was a God came from HIM. The rest was distorted and that is where what you said comes in..I think you both are right just coming from different angles. :)>- love you glad your back!!
sorry, but i’m gonna paraphrase what i have read in these comments, and see how it’s taken.
all christians are wrong, they are liars, fakes and phonies, and they listen to liars, fakes and phonies. they cannot experience ‘god’, if anything they are beholden to satan. i am completely right, but i can never prove it to you, you have to find out for yourself - but i will still tell you you’re wrong. and i’m right. i love and respect all christians, but they are wrong.
whaddya reckon? loving and respectful? :d
i truly believe these are dangerous beliefs. in the hands of those above, maybe not so, because i do not believe them to be dangerous people, but this kind of rigid, arrogant dogma leads idiots and dangerous people to commit disgusting and often brutal acts. if anyone who does not agree with your beliefs can be compared to a child playing with bare wires, yes, feel free to warn and try to stop as you see fit, but if you think smacking them in the face is the only option and will not lead to them resenting/hating you, you are naive at best.
ok? now breathe deep and have one of these ~o)
;;)
Ash= did I come across with that?#:-s
I am much more open minded than that…and just because I can’t prove my faith (and dont really have the desire to), how does that make me phony?
I am guessing that you weren’t addressing me. But reading back through different days of conversation..I am having trouble following what you are saying. no thanks to coffee at this time…going to bed…east coast time!;)
Darla, in the interest of not deliberately offending, i was trying to avoid naming names, but i guess i should’ve addressed my last comment directly to Gods Gal - the reason i used the words i did was by lifting them from her posts.
personally, as an atheist, all religions are just as irrelevant and non-rational as each other (btw, used non-rational rather than irrational for a reason folks!), but it seems a bit rich to condemn anyone who primarily agrees with you on the existence of such, yet follows a different methodology in approaching said deity. Darla, as i understand it, this is not your position, so i am not criticising you for it. right?!
p.s., this ~o)is obviously hot chocolate, as i don’t drink tea or coffee. :d
@Ash, while I wouldn’t put it in exactly those terms I’d have to agree. I’ve pretty much given up on thinking that my interpretation of evidence that there are no Gods is enough to convince anyone that I’m right. Instead I’m opting for a strategy of peaceful coexistence. Unfortunately I can’t see that coming about unless people accept that we have more in common that we think.
I had thought that the Abrahamic religions would be pretty much a given. :”>
~o) No tea or coffee ~o)
How do you get through the day?
Wow ash, I have no idea how you can come with that from what I said since I totally believe the opposite…maybe you could explain a bit?
Here’s what I believe…
Huh? Where did you get that from what I’ve said?
I’ve never said or meant to imply that….my belief system is based on one Triune God, and I believe all others to be cheap immitations. I don’t apologize for what I believe. There is truth the fact that you have to seek Him out,and it’s not up to me to prove anything, that’s between you and Him.
That’s rediculous. I am strong in my beliefs the same way you are in your non-belief….I just feel that’s in innapropriate way to state that….
Well you got the first part right….but I love and respect non-christians as well….having a difference of opinion does not make one superior, or all knowing. Like I said, I am firm in what I believe, I don’t knock others for not feeling or believing the same way.
@Darla:
Yes!!!! I do understand what you are saying!!! YAY!!! I guess we were on two different time-lines…Love ya and have a super blessed day!
So, Irony, we meet again. This time you shall not escape.
Hov…just wondering how all that was taken from what I said..but ooooowellll…. :-??
Not sure what you meant either…but that’s ok…
GG, beginning with ‘all christians…’ was a parody of what you have said about beliefs that vary from your own, and like i said, i copied my language directly from yours;-
the reason i started with ‘all christians…’ is because i wanted you to know how arrogant and rude your words can sound - especially when, as you say, your opinions are just that. so would it be ok for a jew, muslim, atheist, whatever to refer to your beliefs in the manner you have referred to any belief that is not your own? frankly, you don’t seem to have liked the way i phrased ‘all christians…’, so maybe it’s worth finding a slightly different way of expressing your beliefs? (without having to change them.)
Hi Ash….I’m glad you answered. Maybe you can help me then. There are basic things in a Christians belief system that should be across the board. I don’t see these things as arrogant, as a Christian I see them as factual. I can’t deviate from it to make people happy. Other gods, who are not the One true God, to me are fake. All roads don’t lead to Heaven, that is a deception….in my belief system. So maybe you can help me with how to say that without being offensive? I don’t mind being lumped with all Christians, yet again, there are some who call themselves Christians, who don’t believe in the words of the Bible…so I don’t know how to respond to that. I am solid in my beliefs, and the foundational truths of God’s word…sorry if that is offensive.
hi GG, good to talk to you again. for me the line is in stating something as a fact when there is no verifiable way to demonstrate that fact to others - therefore i would lump all of the following;
‘there is definately no god’
‘there is definately only a christian god’
‘islam is the only way to believe in god’
under the same heading of arrogance. your statement here;
is fine, as it lets me know your opinion (and a clearer idea of how not to offend you) without the unprovable implication that you a) know the mind of god and b) sneer at anyone who disagrees. it’s stating your position without commanding other people to agree with you. it’s really difficult (and who would want to?) to talk to someone when you know they think you’re an idiot/inferior/not as ‘holy’. if the 9/11 bombers had been able to say ‘i don’t agree with you, but i don’t hate you for it’, instead of ‘you’re wrong, die infidels’ perhaps they wouldn’t have followed such hateful actions.
off topic, i’d hope if there is a god, it would approve of anyone that tried to live a life that harmed none and helped many…regardless of the belief system in which they operated. but that’s probably another subject…
Hi Ash, I see what you mean. I would hope in chatting with me the last couple of months you know that that couldn’t be farther from how I really feel about humanity. I will be more careful in the future tho…this really did take me by surprise..but I do thank you for pointing that out.
By the way, I never sneer…. I
and >:d< !
Thanks Ash
Do these three religions believe in the same God? This is very interesting not only because of the various answers brought about, but because of the question itself. The fact that a Christian is asking this reminds me of some comments on the thread “Does Beleif in God…Suffering” regarding weak faith. If you are a believer and honestly think that there is only one God, and truly know this to be so, then why is there even a question at all? If its not possible (emphasis on possible) for there to be more than ONE God (to you), then there should be no question in the first place. They must be the same by logic.
GG, the irony thing was because I saw what Ash was saying and saw that you’d taken it seriously rather than as the irony that it was intended. Maybe it’s true what they say about Americans not understanding irony.
Sara, I see the Abrahamic God as the same God in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. If you take Judaism as the root then Christianity built upon the earlier faith to form it’s own distinct religion. Islam rejected what it saw as the corruption of modern (at the time) Judaism and Christianity and sought to return to the early teachings. It built on them and formed it’s own religion.
In my mind you have three religions believing in one God in different ways with different paths to finding this one God. Logically if you accept the faith then you must accept that the other two are related.
I make no mention of what is right or wrong in these three religions mainly because I see religion and the dogma associated with it as harmful. The very definition of an all loving God pretty much dismisses the idea of him placing restrictions on people in order for him to love them. Religions place these restrictions for a variety of reasons. Some for the noble reasons to draw people closer and some for selfish reasons of control.
I don’t believe in God. Reason tells me that God is a construct of the human brain. I accept that there is a possibility that I am wrong and that there is a God (or Gods) but, given the evidence, I am convinced that it isn’t found in religion.
Hover- I agree, God is not found in religion…HE is found in relationship! We have more in common than we know!
Hov, you’re right, I did take it seriously. I don’t ever want to offend…or sound like some know it all uncaring jerk. In fact, I still take it seriously, I’d never want someone to feel they aren’t cared for or heard because they have a difference of opinion. We’re a serious crazy bunch… :)>-
Darla, exactly right. We ALL have more in common that we know.
Deb, so it is true then. Embrace the tender barbs of irony and you shall be set free.
of course not! i just wouldn’t want anyone who hasn’t had the pleasure of chatting to you for a while to get the wrong impression (and as i’ve proved elsewhere, so easily done online). i worry false impressions may have been why you got all that grief that time, if you know when i’m talking about.
much love back at ya >:d<
Ash….thanks…uh, ya, how could one forget “that time?” Have a super weekend and I look forward to many more chats…